Present Perfect Tense

Cümle Yapısı

Olumlu cümle :
özne + ( - have / has ) + fiil + ( - ed ) + nesne for regular verbs
veya
özne + ( - have / has ) + fiil 3 + nesne for irregular verbs

Olumsuz cümle :
özne + ( - have / has ) + not + fiil + ( - ed ) + nesne for regular verbs
veya
özne + ( - have / has ) + not + fiil 3 + nesne for irregular verbs

Soru cümlesi :
( - have / has ) + özne + fiil + ( - ed ) + nesne for regular verbs
veya
( - have / has ) + özne + fiil 3 + nesne for irregular verbs

Bu tense in türkçede tam bir karşılığı yoktur. Geçmiş ile şu an arasındaki bağlantıyı göstermek için kullanılır.

Aşağıdaki durumlarda kullanılır :

1- Yakın zamanda yapılmış aktiviteler ( recently completed actions )

Örnek ( example ) : She has dyed her hair brown.( is now dyed brown -evedence in the present )

2- Geçmişte yapılmış ama bugünle bağlantılı aktiviteler için ( complete past actions connected to the present eith stated or unstated time reference )

Örnek ( example ) : She has bought a car.( Now she owns a car )

She has just returned from Roma .( stated time reference )

3- Kişisel deneyimler ve değişimler için ( personal experiences , changes which have happened )

Örnek ( example ) : I have lost weight recently .

4- Sayısal vurgulamalar için ( emphasis on number )

Örnek ( example ) : We have seen three films this week.

She has had four cups of coffee since she woke up.

Present Perfect Tense için sıklıkla kullanılan zarflar şunlardır :
just , ever , never , already , yet ( negative or question ) , always , how long , so far , recently , since ( from a starting point in the past ) , for ( over a period of time )

* For and Since are usually used with Present Perfect Continuous Tense to emphasise the duration of an action